Unit1: Grammar- Past Simple

 I – The form of the simple past tense

There are two types of forms for the simple past tense: REGULAR and IRREGULAR :

1 – Regular form: verb + ed
Watch → watched
Listen →  listened
Play → played
Cry → cried
2 – Irregular form: has no rule (this means we change all the spelling of the verb)
Be →  was/were
Do → did
Have → had
Speak → spoke

Affirmative

I       watched
You   watched
He      watched
She    watched
It        watched
We     watched
You    watched
They   watched

Negative (Didn’t = did not)

I  didn’t  watch
You  didn’t  watch
He  didn’t  watch
She  didn’t  watch
It  didn’t  watch
We  didn’t  watch
You  didn’t  watch
They  didn’t  watch

Interrogative

Did  I  watch?
Did  you  watch?
Did  he  watch?
Did  she  watch?
Did  it  watch?
Did  we  watch?
Did  you  watch?
Did  they  watch?

Affirmative

I       Spoke
You   Spoke
He      Spoke
She    Spoke
It        Spoke
We     Spoke
You    Spoke
They   Spoke

Negative (Didn’t = did not)

I  didn’t  speak
You  didn’t  speak
He  didn’t  speak
She  didn’t  speak
It  didn’t  speak
We  didn’t  speak
You  didn’t  speak
They  didn’t  speak

Interrogative

Did  I  speak?
Did  you  speak?
Did  he  speak?
Did  she  speak?
Did  it  speak?
Did  we  speak?
Did  you  speak?
Did  they  speak?

Verbs ending with – e

•  calculate – calculated
• combine – combined
• hope – hoped
• hate – hated

Verbs ending with vowel + y

• enjoy – enjoyed
• delay – delayed
• stay – stayed
• destroy – destroyed

Verbs ending with consonant+y

• study – studied
• copy – copied
• cry –  cried
• try – tried

Other forms

• work – worked
• push – pushed
• greet – greeted
• ask – asked

Other spelling rules

a– verbs ending with (-l), the consonant is always doubled after a single vowel.
Examples:
travel – travelled
cancel – cancelled
quarrel – quarrelled

b – Verbs having one syllable and ending with a vowel + consonant, we double the consonant:
Examples
stop – stopped
hop – hopped
beg – begged

c – verbs with more syllables if the stress falls on the last syllable then we double the last consonant:
Examples
ad’mit – admitted
con’fer – conferred
kid’nap – kidnapped

But If the stress is not on the last syllable, we do not double the consonant:
Example:
‘enter – entered

II – The use of the simple past tense

The Simple past tense

We use the Simple past tense :

• to talk about a completed action in the past.
  I watched a movie yesterday.
  I did some jogging last weekend.

• to talk about a series of completed actions in the past.
  He came home, switched on TV and sat down.

• With time expressions like.
  -yesterday
  -last day, week, month, year…..
  -in 2008
  -…..ago
  -when…..(used to talk about past action)
  -The previous lesson, hour, day, week…..

 Grammar: Reflexive Pronouns

Reflexive pronouns are words that finish with either -self or -selves. They are used when the subject and the object of a sentence are the same.

Personal pronouns

• I
• You (singular)
• He
• She
• It
• We
• You (plural)
• They

Reflexive Pronouns

• Myself
• Yourself
• Himself
• Herself
• Itself
• Ourselves
• Yourselves
• Themselves

Examples:
– Tom thinks of himself
– I did the exercise myself. No one helped me.
– Bob and Quinn blamed themselves for the accident.
Notice:
reflexive pronouns cannot be used after Feel, relax, concentrate, meet.
Tom is upset, he can’t relax (not relax himself)
I need to concentrate (not concentrate myself)